Importance Of Explicit Knowledge Information Technology Essay

Importance Of Explicit acquaintance Information engine room EssayThis document deals about the importance of Explicit Knowledge in the organisations. Most of the friendship occurs in the organizations in the form of mum familiarity. present we deal with how to transform the still fellowship to lucid companionship. The accumulation, storage and re utilize of the plain cognition. Here we are talking about the barriers in the getting of lucid noesis. The use of engineering science for the purpose of accumulation, storing and reuse of familiarity is also discussed.Todays business environment association is emerged as a driving draw out in the organization. The acquaintance workers and their ability are genuinely important (LI , BRAKE,CHAMPION ,FULLER,GABEL AND HATCHER-BUSCH 2009 347). upstart studies show that organizations success depends on its ability to learn and adapt to bad-tempered situation. The unique performance in the organization is the key to outp erform their competitor.(LI , BRAKE,CHAMPION ,FULLER,GABEL AND HATCHER-BUSCH 2009 348). In organization there are gener altogethery two types of association equal tacit knowledge and distinct knowledge .Scholars noniced that most abridge leave of human knowledge is present in the form of tacit knowledge (UNGAN (2006)403) . Its in the minds of the sight. Explicit Knowledge is the knowledge that is expressed and documented. The documented and codified knowledge bequeath have a organize and is easily accessed by others. (STOVER 2004 164).To create true knowledge it is necessary to see tacit and denotative knowledge as complementary and both are needed to knowledge creation.IMPORTANCE OF EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGETacit knowledge is something that is acquired by individuals hold out in particular area. It financial aid him to find dissolving agent for problems exuberanter than his colleagues It is acquired with once experience and experiment in particular field (STOVER 2004 165). Articulating the tacit knowledge, making tacit knowledge explicit is very important in the perspective of the organization (STOVER 2004 165).Explicit knowledge is described in structured language. It is mainly to a greater extent technical data this knowledge is gained mostly through ceremonious education or by structured study .This will help organizations to preserve their huge knowledge capital from losing. When employees leave organization they take with them the huge amount of knowledge. (STOVER 2004 165). Valuable Knowledge will be faineant if organizations fails to collect , standardize and store and appropriate the knowledge.The KM scholars conceptualizes that the colligation of knowledge helps the organization and individuals to access the knowledge in a cost trenchant way. Explicit knowledge is carefully organized and stored in data bases in priority basis .It should be accessible with high quality , fast and easily. The explicit knowledge fuck be re utili ze for sole problems of similar large-hearted (SMITH 2001 315).For instance Anderson consulting created methods to codify store and reuse explicit knowledge. They use a people to document approach. It took information from person who comeed it and do self-governing to its developer. All the sensitive information is removed and it quite a little be used in the same similar context (SMITH 2001 315).When knowledge is shared among the members of the organization , it backside be viewed as organizational history and experience (BONTIS 1998 64). In small companies they manage their knowledge is by training the newborn employees. Its a costly process. Thats where the importance of computer based learning comes. Transformation of tacit to explicit knowledge is important here (WICKERT AND HARSCHEL 2001330). If a sharp employee got loathsome or left the organization the expertise of that employee is not available for a fixed amount of time or permanently (WICKERT AND HARSCHEL 2001 331). In business concern market skilled and experienced workers are getting retired. New offspring workers are replacing them . So there is a high gather up for sharing of experience . This digest be possible by the articulation of tacit knowledge they have gained from their experience (JACKSON 2010915).EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE domain EXPLAINED IN S.E.C.I AND BA MODELIn S.E.C.I model externalization sort deals with the transformation of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. For knowledge transformation they use different methods. Some of the methods are storytelling , narrative and using some IT medias ilk emails, chat rooms and so on The knowledge should be structured so as it should provide accessible and reusable. Externalization should be structured thus the knowledge can be made sensible and available for probable users(JACKSON 2010911).Top management can influence the externalization of knowledge. They can instigate the teams to develop their own metaphor for what they should do (RICHTNER AND AHLSTROM 20101020).The creation of concept of a new product is the example of externalization. In combination phase the extracted knowledge is a tackable(p) and systematic procedures to combine the knowledge using computer database or an expert system. The internalization deals with the transformation of explicit knowledge again to tacit knowledge by the use of stored explicit knowledge.(STOVER 2004 165).The meaning of Ba is place . Ba does not mean only the physical space . It is the concept of fundamental interaction . For the creation of knowledge a space is necessary. This space may be a physical unrivaled or a realistic like online one. there are four types of Ba . Among that dialoguing ba deals with the verbalism to face interaction . It is the space where individuals share knowledge. The process of tacit to explicit knowledge rebirth happens here. Dialoguing ba is more structured than the previous ba . In systematic ba the collected knowledge i s combined to a more structured form. The use of information technology like online networks , group expend etc contribute to systemizing ba .The excersiing ba where the stored knowledge is shared through virtual media or print etc. The healthy interaction between all these ba can amblify the knowledge creation ( Nonaka,I.Toyama,R and Konno,N.(2000) 16-17).BARRIERS IN KNOWLEDGE unionConverting tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge is a tedious job. As we said tacit knowledge is embedded in the minds of the individuals. This make it trying to formalize and express. thither are some personal issues in articulating the knowledge. Individuals send that articulating the knowledge one may lose his hawkish advantage. Some people believe their knowledge is not worth expressing . Some KM scholars believe that language barriers also hinder the transformation of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. (STOVER 2004 166)The culture of the organization also may be a instrument that hinders knowledge generation and sharing in the organization. There may be political issues between the departments that prevent the transfer of knowledge. Sharing culture is very important before implementing any strategies in any organization (Syed-Ikhsan and Rowland 2004 100).Knowledge transfer requires groups or individuals to work together and share their expertise and knowledge. The knowledge transfer does not occur unless group or individuals shows a co-operate behavior(SYED-IKHSAN AND ROWLAND 2004 96). individualism is one of the major factors that hinder the creation and transfer of knowledge in any organization ( Syed-Ikhsan and Rowland 2004 100). For the sharing of knowledge there should be swan among the employees. In project team leadership modality also onus the process of knowledge sharing(MA,QI AND WANG 2008101).The authoritarian style leaders give no chance for the team members to participate and share knowledge. While the democratic style leaders encourages team mem bers to interact and share knowledge (MA,QI AND WANG 2008101).Another factor that hinders the knowledge sharing in the public organization is limited access to the resources (Syed-Ikhsan and Rowland 2004 100).Time is one of the major factors that inhibits the process of articulating the tacit knowledge. Most of the employees have a light time for articulating their knowledge. Patrick and Lee done research and they contradicted the views of Richard and Kabjian who says the fear of losing superiority and satisfy system are inhibitors of knowledge sharing. They also argues that the size of the company is not a problem in knowledge transferring (FONG LEE 2009304)Some KM scholars like Swartz and Marwick argues technology is unable to provide a complete solution for knowledge capture . At many instance the experts find it is very difficult to trigger a knowledge person by interrogative unless they are put into problem situation (JACKSON 2010 911). Researchers found that the fear of n ot being adequately takingsed is the one of the barrier for the knowledge sharing.CAPTURING KNOWLEDGEAs we said conversion of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge is difficult. There are several ways in which tacit knowledge can be made explicit. The formal ways of interviewing is a useful method. In interviews participants are asked structured questions. This format of interview should be made such that they shouldnt feel that the articulation is happening (STOVER 2004 166-167).The level of details available in documentation depends on the purpose of documentation (UNGAN 2006 404).For conversion of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge the interviewer should accompany the knowledge worker in his process. In between the knowledge can be articulated. For this formal language is used (UNGAN 2006407) . Individuals poses high level of tacit knowledge . If organizations fail to track it wherefore it cannot be made explicit and will not reach its fullest electromotive force (BONTIS 199866).The fictional character of knowledge managers is very important. He can encourage the employees to share their knowledge and make them explicit (STOVER 2004 166-167). The knowledge management is riskier unless the organizations take initiatives and reward system for sharing of knowledge (SMITH 2001 312). For instance Buckman Laboratories recognizes their knowledge in their annual conference. Lotus one of the divisions of IBM evaluates the customer support workers on the basis of their knowledge sharing activities (BARTOL AND SRIVASTTAVA 2002 64). Xerox developed a system called Eureka which is meant for the maintenance engineers to share their ideas and experience .Once these ideas are posted they are verified and made available for service engineers all over the world. This help the Xerox in saving $100 million . Companies like Cap Gemini Ernst youthfulness makes merit decision based on the knowledge sharing drill of its employees .In these companies the people wh o are posting ideas are evaluated and then posted into the knowledge contribution database(BARTOL AND SRIVASTTAVA 200267).Technology is important in collecting and codifying knowledge. There should be a strong framework for the systematic storing of knowledge. IT itself cannot helps something to get out of someones head. It is the role of managers to find out what is important for the organization . Some KM theorist like Pawar doubts the centralization of knowledge. He states that centralization of knowledge will sheer the cost of sharing the knowledge . He agrees the role of role of technology plays in the acquiring, storing and structured distribution of knowledge . Combining the intellectual attribute with IS will help the individual intellectual lieu to the group property (BONTIS 199866).KM combined with It will support the data mining and sharing of explicit knowledge (WICKERT AND HARSCHEL 2001 333).Internet is one of the major repository of explicit knowledge(WICKERT AND HA RSCHEL 2001 335). Knowledge exchange protocols can be used in transferring tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. SOAP protocol which is used by physicians is one of the examples. This protocol helps to structure clinician patient conversation and helps to share issues by understanding the physicians thinking. This also helps in documentation of patient medical record (HERSCHEL,NEMATI AND STEIGER 2001107).New generation tools such as wikis , blogs ,social networking etc. helps a greater collaboration in work place. This will solve some of the problems associated with knowledge capturing. These forms even can accommodate videos , images etc. It can be used to capture informal indicates of tacit knowledge (BARTOL AND SRIVASTTAVA 200264).This videos and images can then be summarized based on the content . They can be linked to topics of relevance and stored. These can be accessed through portals later on (COAKES 2006583). Mobile technology can be used for the capture of knowledge .I n organizations there will be mobile workers will be advantaged by these technology. The challenge is how to incorporate the this knowledge to main memory. Information technology can be used as a powerful tool. It can be transformed from the role of storing and retrieving data to improve access to knowledge by removing the spatial obstacles of knowledge transfer. IT has got a ability to spread knowledge across different departments of the organizations (TOHIDINIA AND MOSAKHANI 2010 615).CONCLUSIONFor any organization the Knowledge is very important. The conversion of Tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge is very risky process. There are the barriers like individualism, politics inside the organizational departments. The factor of trust plays a major role in conversion of knowledge . For some small companies the cost of knowledge sharing is not affordable. Technology can play a major role in the tacit to explicit knowledge transfer. There are new generation technologies that can be used for the this purpose. The reward system is one factor that will encourage knowledge transfer. The role of the management in promoting the knowledge conversion is very important . The uniqueness of knowledge the organization owns will brig the organization the competitive advantage.