Comparison and Contrast between the UN and the WTO Essay Example for Free

Comparison and Contrast between the UN and the WTO EssayThe coupled Nations is an international make-up that acts as a pool between 191 member countries in the demesne. The UN was founded in 1945 with the objective of preventing the conflict between member countries. However, in the past 60 years, its responsibilities cod increased manifold and now it has become the most important arranging in the world that has authority over almost all countries in the world. The world Trade Organization is a multilateral organization that sets the rules and regulation for the global trading system. It also resolves disputes between the member countries.It is the most powerful organization in global business and trade. The WTO was founded in 1995 after several rounds of negotiations that lasted for decades. Although both the United Nations and WTO work for the reach of their member countries, their functions and operations are quite different. Structure of the UN and the WTO The United N ations is divided into several administrative bodies including the UN General gather, UN Security Council and the UN Economic and Social Council. There are also several early(a) organs of the UN that work for the benefit of people across the globe.The UN Secretary General is the head of the Secretariat, which is one of the principal organs of the United Nations. The UN Security Council is the most powerful body within the UN. It has cinque permanent members and 10 non-permanent members . Representatives from all member countries of the UN meet in the UN General Assembly and discuss important issues. The structure of the WTO is completely different from that of the United Nations. Currently, thither are 150 member countries in the WTO. There are different levels in the WTO structure. Ministerial Conference is the highest decision making body within the WTO.It git make decisions on all trade-related matters. The General Council is an new(prenominal) level organ of the WTO, which c arries out the functions of the WTO on a regular basis . Missions and Objectives The main objective of the UN is to tick off peace in the world. It also keeps a tab on issues such as health, economy, security, population growth, unemployment, disarmament, human rights and social development. The UN General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and other important bodies of the UN cooperate with each other to provide assistance to the member countries on the issues that need special attention .When an issue is considered very important, the General Assembly has the power to convene an international conference to draw global attention to it. The UN also workings for sustainable development and invests in basic education, health administer and stinting opportunities for all. The WTO aims to increase international trade by promoting lower trade barriers. It also provides a platform for the negotiation of trade and business development. The WTO sincerely works to resolve disputes between member countries. The main objective of the WTO is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers.It also ensures a competitive trading system that accommodates more developing countries and gives them more metre to adjust with others . Financial Resources The United Nations is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The UN General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member country. The United States is the largest endorser to the UN. The WTO is also financed by its member countries. Besides the member countries, many non-government organizations are also involved in generating funds for the WTO. TransparencyThe United Nations is not a mere governing institution. It is a forum where sovereign nations gather to discuss their differences and resolve them amicably. In the recent years, several reform initiatives have been taken in order to make the UN more transparent and accountable. The g overning power of the United Nations has been expanded by squeezing out most of its inefficiency. The WTO allows all member nations to nourish discussion on all concerns related to trade and business. It also focuses on non-trade concerns such as gender issues, employment, health, food security, ecology and animal welfare.The WTO maintains open principles and cooperates with other international organizations. It also takes the accountability for protecting vulnerable economies of developing countries against powerful countries in the world . It serves the welfare of all people who intend to have economic benefits. Conflicts between the two Organizations The Global presence of both the organizations and their operations for the growth and development of countries often result in bigger conflicts. The power invested in the WTO overshadows more or less of the global institutions of the United Nations.Sometimes, the decisions made by the WTO also over-ride the jurisdiction and mandate s of the UN bodies. Ecology and biodiversity are two major areas where both the organizations contradict each other. While the WTO allows isolated trade and business irrespective of ecological consequences, the United Nations emphasizes on environment, biodiversity and climate change by putting certain restrictions on trade and agriculture . difference of opinion on Development Issue There are several differences in the approaches of the United Nations and the WTO. That undermined the global progress on development.The standards set by the United Nations in human rights, labor rights and social policies have drawn criticism from the WTO. On the other hand, the UN wants the WTO to concentrate on trade, not on health and other services. The laboured relationship between the UN and the WTO has become a major obstacle for economic growth and development . The actions of most countries in the WTO are not consistent with their inscription to the United Nations. Most of the members of t he International Labor Organization (ILO), a UN body, are also members of the WTO.They have differences on several issues including the market policy and labors rights. Conclusion two the UN and the WTO are the most powerful organizations in the world. Their main objective is to work for the development of the countries in the world. Although their individual roles are different, they share the same vision. The United Nations is the largest organization in the world and plays much broader role in various fields whereas the WTOs role is limited to trade and business. Both the organizations hold negotiations and discussions between the member countries for the effectuation of policies.These organizations provide opportunities to all countries to resolve their disputes and conflicts.BibliographyHoekman, Bernard M. Michel M. Kostecki. The Political Economy of the World Trading System From GATT to WTO. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1995. Murphy, Craig N. Global Institutions, Margina lization and Development. London Routledge, 2005. Condon, Bradly J. NAFTA, WTO, and Global Business Strategy How Aids, Trade, and terrorist act Affect Our Economic. Westport, CT Quorum Books, 2002.

Analysis of the Proscenium Arch Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Proscenium Arch Essaya)The Proscenium Arch StageThis stage is the traditional stage, where the audience is seated in one orotund block facing the stage, with a definite division between the audience and the stage. This division is usually in the form of an arch or a frame, called the forestage arch.Advantages This stage is the most common, and most of the worlds scripts were designed with this kind of staging in mind. It also al embarrasseds much more realism and special effects, as the audience completely watches from one side, so tricks squeeze out be concealed and props/scenery/actors can be positioned, ready for action, solely just out of the audiences view. A blanket at the back allows actors to run from one side of the stage to the other without creation seen, while elements of the play can easily be brought into view or taken out from above, below, or the sides.Disadvantages The proscenium theatre is the most expensive to build and maintain. Because of the high production costs, plays for the proscenium stage atomic number 18 often indite for small casts and minimal scenery. Also, the proscenium stage is non flexible it cannot provide intimate contact with the audience, or give a different stage orientation.b)The sphere Stage/Theatre in the RoundAn arena stage is an open stage where the audience surrounds the stage, similar to the Colosseum. The stage may be any shape and provides admission fee for actors and audience alike with aisles by dint of the seating. Some stages have tunnels instead of aisles, to hide actors as they move towards and away from the stage.Advantages The arena stage is best for amateur groups with low funding, as it is a cheap stage to produce, the focus is solely on the actors, scenery costs are reduced to a minimum, and the audience, being close to the stage, can easily hear the actors voices.Disadvantages A stage surrounded by the audience means that no matter which direction an actor is facing, he/ she is always freehand his/her back to part of the audience. Also, large productions that require realistic scenery, concealment tricks or special effects are impossible to run on such a stage.The simplicity of the stage, which is intentional, means that plays cannot look as realistic as on another stage, as less scenery and special effects can be used.c)The Thrust StageIn a thrust stage, the stage itself projects into the audience, so the audience are seated on 3 sides of the stage, similar to a catwalk design.Advantages The two main advantages of a thrust stage are intimacy and lower cost. More audience members can be closer to the stage and viewing the action from ternary sides emphasises the three dimensional aspect of the scene. The audience has a sense of being in the same room as the actors and since audience members are seated facing severally other, there is a greater sense of community and shared experience. Costs can also be lowered as less scenery changing is require d (scenery is only changed for the backstage, which does not require lots of vogue devices).Disadvantages Spectacular effects and large scenery changes in productions such as musicals are not easy to do in this kind of open stage. The thrust stage is not suited to large-scale productions, as large props and scenery cannot be easily moved around, and vertical scenery must be avoided, as it can block audience sightlines.d)The Traverse StageThe traverse stage is a languish stage, similar to a corridor, where audience are seated on opposite sides of the stage, which divides the audience seating in half. The stage is like a road that runs through the viewers, giving them a wide view of the scene. When designing for this stage, more thought must be put in as to how actors use their space, as movement in the second dimension is limited.Advantages The audience can clearly and easily see everything that is going on, there are 2 clear entry points and only one stretch of stage in between, m aking it easy to view the performance.Disadvantages Movement is heavily restricted, and if an actor is facing onepart of the audience, their back pull up stakes be to the other. Placing scenery and large props is difficult, as it is important not to block or interfere with the sightlines of the audience, and sightlines from two opposite sides is hard to design for.e)The easy StageOpen stages include the thrust stage, the arena stage and the black box stage (a type of extremely flexible staging where the audience and elements of the stage can be moved to any form).The open stage is named after the fact that there is no clear division between the stage and the audience both are architecturally in the same room.Advantages Obviously no arch/frame gives much more intimacy between the audience and actors, and the viewers can be closer to the action. Viewers can fully appreciate the play and be in the same room with the actors, giving them more of a sense of being part of the scene.Disad vantages Since the area is open, rather than the audience viewing the play through one view port, more consideration of the different audience views must be taken into account when designing and performing the play. Many stage tricks, special effects and scenery changes are much more difficult because the audience has a more three-dimensional view, and there are not as many mechanisms for movement of actors and props.

Causes of conflict in romantic relationships

Causes of interlocking in ro publictic descentsAs long as good deal pose gotten amatory altogethery involved with iodin another, there has been conflict at heart those kindreds. Some people argue that conflict is bad for the relationship and leave behind ultimately proceed to the demise of that relationship. Others argue that the conflict is good for the relationship and will help it to flourish. Conflict can be both positive and negative for a relationship. It can both help and hinder the relationship. No press what stage the relationship is in and whether or not the relationship is being helped or hurt, conflict is endlessly happening in unlike contexts. Conflict is similarly pee-peed by numerous reasons. These reasons include a lack of inter individualal communication skills, depleted levels of trust, bodily outcry, an individuals past history in relationships, and domainy others.Not many people in the world can say that they have had a 100% successful romantic r elationship. Looking at the high divorce estimate in the United States can prove this. However, there atomic number 18 those couples that have remained together for numerous years. As I am sure that conflict vie a big part in ending a large number of relationships, I am also sure that the successful relationships have had their honorable sh atomic number 18 of conflict and have even been helped by that conflict. In this paper, I have constructed nine propositions relating conflict to certain behaviors within romantic relationships. Each sensation will be defined, summarized, and supported according to the available research.P1- Women that have been abused in the past be more credibly to remain in an inglorious relationship.Unfortunately, thousands of women are abused everyday in the United States. This abuse can be physical, verbal, or psychological. Women, by nature, face to hold a higher hotshot of soulal worth when involved in a relationship. From birth, women are taug ht by society to conform to certain expectations and definitions of what it means to be a female. Growing up, women al charges here phrases such as Thats not brothel keeper like or You should be treated like a lady. What does it mean to be a lady? According to most societies, it means that women are the weaker sex and are forever in need of a man to take care of them. Men are taught, from birth, what it means to be a man. This definition is usually one of dominance and control. This is shown in phrases such as I am the man of the house.When a cleaning lady is abused earlier in life she is trained in that frame of mind that women are the conformists and men are the dictators. Violence by men is a major component of the larger kind hierarchy of gender. (Woods, 1999, p. 481). The abuse in these relationships usually instills feelings of inferiority, which goes along with their societal learning from childhood. Not only does this abuse experience feelings of inferiority exactly als o feelings of shame which lead to a sense of obligation to conserve the relationship to the best of her ability. According to a study through by K.M.Landenburger (1988), most women in these instances gave up on themselves before they gave up on their partners. If giving up on themselves, the logical conclusion is that they will at last see the abuse as a social norm and will expect that in future relationships, thus repeating the cycle over and over again.P2- Women who have had more inner partners increase their likelihood of abuse in a romantic relationship.Again, in this proposition, abuse is defined as physical, verbal, or psychological. As in any situation, the more exposure that a person has to a certain element, the more risk is involved pertaining to that element. In this case, women who have more sexual partners are exposing themselves to a greater risk factor of being intimate with that one that will engage in some sort of abusive behavior. With the increase exposure to a number of intimate partners, there comes a decreased sense of control for the women involved in these relationships. (Neufeld, McNamara, Ertl, 1999). When a person loses their sense of control, they take vulnerable and susceptible to incidence of abuse.According to the Abusive Behavior Inventory, (Shephard and Campbell, 1992 shown in Neufield, McNamara, Ertl 1999) the instance of abuse with a high number of partners went up significannotly in all aspects of the definition. However it seemed that the highest level of abuse occurred psychologically. The ABI also indicated that 5% of undergraduate females had over seven sexual partners in a six-month period. This group showed the highest incidence of abuse within those relationships. It seems to me that any people who expose themselves to a high number such as this are outlet to put themselves in a situation where the abuse would be expected, to an outside observer.P3- High levels of insecurity cause high levels of dependency on ro mantic relationships.Dependency is defined as the reliance of an individual on another person for the satisfaction of his/her needs. (Attridge, Berscheid, Sprecher, 1998). In this case, insecurity can be defined as relational meaning a person will have doubts and uncertainties about the relationship that he/she is in. Insecurity is a sign that a person is lacking a perceived need in their life. Insecurity would past be the replica of dependency as w person would be lacking something therefore depending on something else. This is explained as Theory views the degree to which a person is dependent on a specific relationship as a function, not only of the number and importance of the needs the relationship currently satisfies for the individual, but also as a function of the extent to which those needs cannot be satisfied by alternative means. (Attridge, Berscheid, Sprecher, 1998, p. 33). When a person trusts both that a relationship fills specific needs and that there are a lack of alternatives to fulfilling those needs a greater level of dependence is going to occur.Different factors that may lead to insecurity include the appearance of another person that the partner appears to have an attraction to, or a perceived lack of interest from the partner. Whatever the cause for the insecurity, it seems to always lead to a further dependence on that relationship. The reason for this is a fear of losing the relationship, therefore resulting in a further need for the counterpart to preserve the relationship.P4- Women are more likely than men to want a higher level of closeness in a romantic relationship.Closeness in any relationship is of import in order for the relationship to flourish. I believe that most people involved in romantic relationships feel this way and desire that closeness. However, it is my contention that women perceive that closeness as playing a oftentimes bigger role than men do. As previously stated in Proposition 1, men and women are taught different things about gender roles from the time they are born. Women are supposed to be the caretakers of the relationships and men are supposed to be the hunter and gatherers that are independent and dont need to always have that closeness. (Feeney, 1999).In regards to closeness in romantic relationships, the partner that is more likely to initiate conference about issues affecting the relationship is more likely to be the one who puts more value on closeness. In contrast, the partner who puts less value on closeness is more likely to avoid these conversations. In a study done by Judith Feeney, 37 out of 72 couples that were interviewed revealed that there was a variation of opinion when it came to the issues of closeness and distance. This doesnt needfully show that these women felt that the closeness factor was more important than the men did. As one man interviewed statedShe didnt seem to really want me to much of a part of her life. Because of that, because I hate being ne glected, I tended to react by neglecting her. Like I was trying to see faults within her so I could work out myself feel better. I was always trying to find faults with her. (cf. Feeney, 1999).This man clearly felt that closeness was more important to the relationship than his female counterpart. Despite this mans view on closeness, 26 out of the 37 that reported different ideas about closeness and distance, said that the female in the relationship held a higher view of importance on closeness than the man did in their romantic relationship.P5- People with a high level of scruple in their partners feelings towards them, are more likely to have un constant romantic relationships.All relationships need to be based on trust if they are going to succeed. If you dont trust the partner you are with or vice-versa, then that relationship will never have the strong foundation that relationships need in order to succeed. suspect in a partners feelings will form an emotional barrier betwee n the two participants that are involved with each other. This barrier will eventually bring to pass the main focus of the relationship thereby halting all opportunities to focus on other aspects of that relationship. (Simpson, Grich, Ickes, 1999). For example, if a man distrusts his significannotother, he may always charter if she is happy, or if anything is bothering her. She always says that she is happy and nothing is wrong, but she doesnt understand why he keeps asking. This eventually becomes more than an annoyance to her and she finally starts telling him to stop asking. The man then thinks that she is mad and has further distrust in her feelings. This whole scenario demonstrates how the focus shifts from the relationship to his constant distrust in her feelings.P6- People with low self-esteem are more likely to experience feelings of jealousy in romantic relationships.Jealousy is one of the most powerful and dangerous feelings when dealing with conflict within romantic re lationships. (Guerrero, 1998). Jealousy can cause depression, distrust, and /or anger, all of which are very harmful to relationships. When one person in a relationship has a low level of self-esteem, that person has feelings of inadequacy about him/herself in some aspect of his life. The inadequacies that the person feels causes him/her to feel like his partner can get something from someone or something else that he/she cant give. (Guerrero, 1998). Therefore, when the partner shows interest in something else (e.g. another potential mate, a job, or a new found friend), the other half of that relationship is consumed with threatening feelings that his partner is getting something, that he/she perceives as something that he/she cant give, from a source outside of their relationship. These feelings will cause conflict within him/her as well as within the relationship.Because one person in the relationship has low self-esteem, he/she believes that he needs the relationship but his/her partner doesnt necessarily need him/her. (Attridge, Berscheid, Sprecher, 1998). This will also cause the person to feel threatened when he/she thinks that there is a potential threat to that security blanket. This threat will be shown in the form of jealousy.P7- Men who are controlling to their partners are more likely to become physically abusive.In many romantic relationships, one of the partners feels the need to be controlling. They usually do this by restricting their partners social interactions, monitoring their activities, and reducing their decision-making power. (Ehrensaft Vivian, 1999, p. 251). Men, by nature, have the need to feel that they are always in control. This is especially evident in romantic relationships. Some men however take it to the natural. They feel the need to watch and control their partners every move. sometimes this controlling behavior can turn into violent behavior. If a man, who is controlling, feels like he is losing that control, he will many times move to more extreme measures to gain that control back. A survey done on battered women showed that most women reported their partner to be controlling and restrictive before the physical abuse began. Furthermore, most battering men reported that before they became physically abusive to their intimate partners, they made excessive attempts to limit the independence, decision making power, and social networks of their partner, in some cases they even felt entitled to control them. (Ehrensaft Vivian, 1999, p. 253).P8- Couples that express empathy in conflict are more likely to develop a stable romantic relationship.When in conflict it is always important to express empathy in order for the conflict to be constructive. Empathy can be explained as having a primary understanding of what the other person is idea and feeling. Empathy, in my opinion, is one of the key ingredients to having successful communication. It is seen as being so important in romantic relationships that p eople have developed empathy-training workshops for people involved in romantic relationships. Many scholars have reported that the two main components of empathy are get a lineing and suspending ones own thoughts and feelings. (Long, Angera, Carter, Nakamoto, Kalso, 1999). both(prenominal) of these components are essential to developing and maintaining a stable and healthy romantic relationship.Listening can be explained as a conscious attempt to listen to all information that a partner is trying to communicate to their counterpart. If one partner never listens to the other, it is impossible to know and understand what the other person is thinking or feeling unless that person is a mind reader. Without that willingness to listen it is therefor impossible to be empathic.Suspending ones own thoughts and feelings is of equal importance. A person cannot shown any signs of empathy if that person is overly focused upon his/her self. (Long, Angera, Carter, Nakamoto, Kalso, 1999, p. 23 6). For example if a woman is expressing her concerns to her male partner about his lack of interest in going to the ballet, it is impossible for the man to be empathic if he is only focused on how much he hates the ballet. This then leads to conflict. However, if the man understands her wants and puts his aside, it will show empathy and promote better levels of communication. This will in turn result in a more stable relationship. This can also work in the exact opposite context where the woman understands how much the man dislikes the ballet and puts her feelings aside. This to will develop better communication practice.P9- Men are more likely to withdraw from a serious discussion in a romantic relationship than women are.Men are always said to be the ones in the relationship who want to avoid conflict. This is why I believe that men are more likely to avoid serious discussions about the relationship with their partner. Most of the time when there is a conflict between a couple th at is romantically involved with each other, it is the sign that there is a problem in some aspect of the relationship. Most men learn throughout life to be problem solvers. This comes to be a problem if the conflict or serious discussion involves a problem that the man is unable to solve. If this is the case, the man is more likely to withdraw from that serious discussion than the woman is. (Vogel, Wester, Heesacker, 1999).This male withdraw pattern can also be explained by the fact that women are many times seen as having less control in a relationship and are therefore looking to change it. This has to start by discussing the relationship. Males on the other hand are many times seen as having more control in the relationship and therefore less open to the idea of change. This starts by withdrawing from the discussion about the relationship. (Vogel, Wester, Heesacker, 1999).As you can see, conflict happens in all aspects of romantic relationships. Like I stated earlier in this pa per, sometimes it is laborsaving such as the use of empathy. It is also sometimes hurtful as in the case where a more controlling male is more likely to become physically abusive. However, whether it is good or bad, it is unavoidable. In these nine propositions I have shown a small fraction of a small percent of the different contexts that conflicts can occur in romantic relationships. Whether or not you agree with my propositions, the main goal of this was to study them. As there will always be romantic relationships in existence, there will also be conflict within those relationships. If other conflicts are studied, it is conceivable that methods can be developed to make all conflicts within romantic relationships positive that will result in positive outcomes.

Strategies for Environmental Sustainability

Strategies for Environmental SustainabilityEnvironments consequencesIt is past time for all the people of individually nation has to participate in the search for much than sustainable communities. This effort is spanking for the worldwide population so thither exit really be a planet for our kids and their kids to live in the future. An environment sustainable movement is recommended for every nation to have a real chance in returning terra firma into its natural balance. With the planet population becoming the more discriminating, factor each day, it will be critical to alter to the dwindling carrying limit of the planet. The worldwide population is in excess of seven billion individuals today, and the projections point to the oerall increase to between eight and ten and a half billion in the coming year 2050 (Dale, 2011). It must be central to be extremely single in resident flight, trade and industry diversity and success, natural possibility, and the longing of people t o live in such a sensible community. The major exculpation behind the anxiety is that natural resources atomic number 18 coming to be scarce. Supposing that we were to examine the worlds health at present, what mogul we find? One might notice four worldwide developments that be especially unhealthy (1) increasing populace development and its adverse impacts on hu small-arm of music well up-being, (2) a decline of intrinsic eco corpse services, (3) the destructive impacts of worldwide climate change, and (4) a misfortune of biodiversity (Wright Boorse, 2011). Human over dependence on dodo supply comes with a price and we ar immediately beginning to see that the address may be too much. Our planet clean water supply is dwelling fast due to the populace and the want of seasonal rain in some beas due to global melt is not making thing give away At our present rate this is undeniably unsustainable, worldwide climate change is glaring us square in the face because of th is abuse. For these perilous reasons, the time is at present to start action. The creating of sustainable neighborhoods done green action techniques, and a major decreasing of fossil fuel consumption is an elementary key for human endurance.The trepidations of human to continued fossil fuel usage first we must identify what they are how they came to be, as well as where the consequence of their continue use. History tells us that before man stood on two feet millions of years ago, the dinosaurs walked the Earth, at that time, the planet had countless numbers of swamp areas, and abundant plants, and the ocean was full with algae. This time is known as the Carboniferous outcome (Dale 2011). Dated between three degree Celsius sixty (360) and two hundred eighty six (286) million years ago as its name suggests, the proceeds of carbon in living matter was a characteristic dominant of the period. When the vegetation perished, they derived to the lowest part of the swamps as well as oce ans, where layers of peat were shaped (a tan, typically soggy material comprising at any rate in part of decayed vegetable matter). Those deposits were then held by sand in addition to more peat, and over time, it came to be progressively compacted. The ensuing phase might be the mass of material crushing out the part of the water that occurred between the layers, or remains of plant life that had previously existed. Over a period of years, this substance converted into what is identified as embrocate, coal, commonly stated to as fossil fuels (Dale 2011). These are the main cleverness sources for the earth. They contribute more than ninety (90) percent of the zippo exhausted worldwide (Botkin Keller 2011). The concern with this is they are finite. char, oil, and common gas are not renewable resources. These natural resources are being use upd at a disturbing rate for the most part, since the Industrial vicissitude (McConnell Abel 2008). The abuse of these energy sources has placed the Earths populace ay a stage where we need to think of alternate energy sources.The using of the resources has made several known environmental problems for example air and water contamination, acid rain, and doubtless global warming. Coal oil and natural gas account for ninety (90) percent of the energy utilize by the global populace, they also accounted for seventy five (75) percent of the carbon discharges for the planet as well (Botkin and Keller 2011). The over-all adverse impacts from the abuse of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution and the beginning of climate change. Some scientist has stated that climate change is a natural global cycle. However, the ten hottest years on record happened in the twentieth century. In 2005, a new record was set for worldwide temperaturethe hottest year ever since the late 1800s. Since the mid-1970s, the normal worldwide temperature has climbed 0.2C for every decade. Global warming is occurring in particularly rapid at high latitudes predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere. Mainly because of the continued growths in anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the observable warming is recognized to be the result of an improved greenhouse impact (Wright Boorse, 2011). Coal has the most harmful effect and long-term impacts on the earth eco system and human health. The extracting of coal leads to destruction the area, as well as nearby bodies of water. When coal has been extracted, rail and trucks typically transport it. These delivery systems have an effect on the atmosphere as well as the road demeanors. Nonetheless, as naturally worsening as it is to remove and transport coal, burning it for energy is maybe the most damaging. Coal is essentially carbon, and when burned it releases additional carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere (Dale 2011). Coal burning power plants releases other pollutants into the atmosphere besides C02, mercury as well as arsenic both are harmful to human as well as th e environment. Nearly all the energy we human use contains a number of environmental concerns yet, fossil fuels will leave a much larger carbon footprint (Dale 2011). Essentially, there are major drawbacks when talking about the retrieval and utilization of fossil fuels. While a few benefits may include economic success for a few countries and companies, the most important is what best for man and the planet. It is apparent for government to fund research of other means of energy to transfer from fossil fuel dependence to renewable energy sources. Global warming, decrease of natural resources, as well as long term health risk of every human warrants an immediate re-action to curb the use of fossil fuels. The all important(p) steps we must take is planning a diverse agenda of energy sources with a mix of both fossil fuel as well alternative that someday replace fossil fuel. Scientific has established that there is a limited amount of natural resources left (McConnell Abel 2008). Th e human population change integrity rapidly, so has the demand for more the natural resources. It took decades and thousands of pounds and gal of use to realize that these resources could not sustain the demand and the damage these sources will do to the environment, and when these resources are depleted, there are gone for good. Sadly, what is an incomprehensible is these resources are being mine without any constraint or thought of the future consequences, sustainable choices for the future must be tended to or cataclysmic occasions will plague the planet (Dale 2011). Achieving sustainability will call for the more widespread exploitation of a variety of alternative energy sources and a lesser amount of dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable energy like wind, solar naturally recharged unlike fossil fuels, which are in limited supply. Renewable energy can provide the energy we need and perhaps reverse the situation we now face. Renewable energy has both diminished scale and larger scale applications it brings about considerably lower emissions of greenhouse gases, less air defilement, and lesser waste outputs in general. Although renewable energy sources it are in it earliest stages compared fossil fuel. In 2009, the United States acquired 8.2% of its total energy and 10.5% of its electricity from renewable sources (Dale 2011).Conferring to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as well as the Ontario Round Table on Environment and Economy, there are six managing standards for sustainable advancement (EPA 2012) Anticipation and avoidance of possible environmental degradation. Avoid pollution before it occurs. As we know, environmental degradation can occur naturally or thru neglect of human activities in some area there are major oil spills that results in loss of an local environment deforestation has destroyed countless of natural habitat Complete cost accounting. Natural resources air, land, water, soils, wilderness, forests and wildlife are the fun damental base of the entire economic activity. Nature is like a retail store that is perfectly willing to sell us the resources at cost price. However, what is the cost price? Like any business deal, the seller must not be worse off than before. For the withdrawal of any resource, the price must be at least that which reimburses nature for any damage done to her while consuming it. Using this principle in the entire areas will agree economic incentives for clever resource usage. Informed choice-making creating (environment-economy coordination). Sustainable development needs the union of environmental and economic contemplations in decision-making. Documentation must be provided for the rook and long-term outcomes of these decisions. In addition, the decision must be dependent upon sound data. In addition, the individuals who settle on economic must be liable for the environmental outcomes of those decisions. Living off the investment (doing superior with less). This statute treat s the constrained natural resources as a feature of capital fortune. Such natural assets must be displaced as it is drained, or else be reused or recycled. If not, individuals will bankrupt themselves similarly as though they had used the greater part of their fiscal resources. Quality over amount. Making a sustainable society involve in transforming their way of life, state of mind, outlooks, behaviors and standards. An increasing awareness on excellence of economic development will bring about in smarter production and consumption patterns Admiration for nature and the privileges of forthcoming timess. The economy depends on not only on the continuous teem of resources as well as on the insurance and upgrade of ecosystems and habitats. The choice-making process must distinguish not only todays necessities, but also the necessities of future groups by assuring that a extended and adequate prospect is used in the assessment procedure (EPA, 2012).Achieving support for these rules w ill not be easy, and will undoubtedly be met with a number of oppositions. Nevertheless, to lessen the dependence on oil, coal and natural gas, it will require a global effort. Lessening the adverse make of nonrenewable energies will pressure all nations to adopt groundbreaking energy procedures and penalties for exploitation. Having extreme consequences for not abiding by prompted policies will be the best way to pressure the worldwide population to join as one to preserve this planet.One cannot dialog about fossil fuels without speaking on the extreme environmental effects they have had on our planet. Global warming is a reality whether politician are will to admit or not and major piece of this discussion. Consistent with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), the principal decade of the new millennium was the warmest ever documented. Climate change has turned into a continual concern and is not getting it the consideration as it should. Normally spring is con sider a time for tornadoes but recently fall has taken that severalise 12 tornadoes struck Nebraska and Iowa Oct. 4-5, 2013, causing millions of dollars of damage. These October storms underscore the fact that spring is not the only season for dangerous tornadoes. Global warming is attribute to more devastating flash floods ,Tropical Cyclones, Tornado, Tsunami, Wildfire, Drought, Hailstorm, Heat Wave, Hurricane, Epidemic, Notwithstanding to global warming, environmental disasters have gone to the lead of planetary problems for society to manage with (Dale 2011).On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker of Exxon Valdez bumped into the Bligh Reef, leaking about 11 million gallons (10.8) of oil rights within the sound (Oceana 2012). The leak hit in excess of one thousand three hundred (1300) miles over the coastline, it caused the death of hundreds of thousands of marine life, and cost an excess of three hundred million (300,000,000) dollars of financial damage to more than thirty two thousan d (32,000) individuals whose lives depend on fishing (Oceana 2012). This data is significantly dreadful, however, compared with the amounts of oil and prices, a drop in the bucket in contrast with the most devastating oil chancy on record for America (Walsh 2011). This might be clearly the BP greatest accident of April 20, 2010 the Deepwater Horizon oilrig explosion located in the Gulf of Mexico (BP 2013).Spurring millions of gallon of oil into the Gulf it was estimate that 100, 000 of gallon was being release dailyThere should not be any argument about situation the earth and its ecosystems is in at this moment because of man and their development in population and manufacturing/technology. In the event that population growth is not maintain, and man continue to deplete resources at an unsustainable rate, abnormal weather pattern will increase storms will intensify global warming will proceed to a point of no return. Man goal should be leaving less of a carbon footprint so we can leave this world a little better off than it was when we can. The only way is to through the decline of fossil fuel consumption and an aggressive approach on renewable energy this should be the direct objective of the occupants of this world .To ensure this, society enjoy the beauty of natural all that dwell within it and give a promise of future generation that same opportunity. We must live a lifestyle that does not destroy the place we call home. The question remain are we will to make a sacrifice now for the ensuring of the future for our kids the decision lies with us. Addressing climate change is not an issue to which there is a scientific answer. Ethical issues are not beyond the scope of reason, and I attempt to examine different ideologies and tactics with a opinion to reaching a reasoned opinion about which principles and approach is zippy towards finding common ground, to a sustainable future.ReferencesBP (2012, December 20). Deepwater Horizon Accident and Response. Ret rieved from http//www.bp.com/Botkin, D.B., Keller, E.A.(2011).Environmental Science Earth is a Living Planet.(8thed).Hoboken, New Jersey Wiley.Dale, L. (2011). Environmental Policy. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education.McConnell, R. L., Abel, D. C., (2008). Environmental issues An introduction to sustainability (3rd ed.). New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.Oceana Protecting the Worlds Oceans. (2012, March 20).Oceana. Retrieved from http//oceana.org/en/our-work/stop-ocean-pollution/oil-pollution/learn-act/exxon-valdez-oil-spill-factsUnited States, EPA, Smart Growth. (2013, February 4). Creating impartial, Healthy, and Sustainable Communities Strategies for Advancing Smart Growth, Environmental Justice, and honorable Development. RetrievedWalsh, B. (2011, April 21). The BP Oil Spill Forgetting the Lessons of Drilling in the BP (2012, December 20). Deepwater Horizon Accident and Response. Retrieved from http//www.bp.com/Botkin, D.B., Keller, E.A.(2011).Environmental Science Earth is a Living Planet.(8thed).Hoboken, New Jersey Wiley.Dale, L. (2011). Environmental Policy. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education.McConnell, R. L., Abel, D. C., (2008). Environmental issues An introduction to sustainability (3rd ed.). New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.Oceana Protecting the Worlds Oceans. (2012, March 20).Oceana. Retrieved from http//oceana.org/en/our-work/stop-ocean-pollution/oil-pollution/learn-act/exxon-valdez-oil-spill-factsUnited States, EPA, Smart Growth. (2013, February 4). Creating Equitable, Healthy, and Sustainable Communities Strategies for Advancing Smart Growth, Environmental Justice, and Equitable Development. RetrievedWalsh, B. (2011, April 21). The BP Oil Spill Forgetting the Lessons of Drilling in the Gulf.TIME.com. Retrieved from http//science.time.com/Wright, Richard T. Boorse, Dorothy F.(2011) Environmental science Toward a sustainable future. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.Gulf.TIME.com. Retrieved from http//science.time.com/Wright, Richard T. Boorse, Dorothy F.(2011) Environmental science Toward a sustainable future. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.

Soap Operas Are Regarded Media Essay

lash opera house houses Are Regarded Media EssayIntroduction scoop shovel opera houses are often regarded as bad, poorly acted, non complaisantly valued if non said put one across no aesthetic at all. Is it because most of the max opera viewing audience are women? In conventional view, scoop shovel opera is perceived as less significant compare to other forms of television programme. However, this overview changed when gunk opera reached high ratings and generated high r blushues. It increases prominence of soap opera in television landscape and attract scholars to study this particular genre of television programme. The study of soap opera has not completed without studying its audiences. It is assumed that soap opera viewers are predominantly women. There are various theories of soap opera audience that emerge, such as uses and gladness ().Literature reviewThe gendered audience theory discussed by Mary Ellen cook in her book, Soap Opera and Womens Talk is the starting point of our discussion on women and soap opera. In the gendered audience theory, it is assumed that hegemonic values, in which tend to exclude non dominant perspectives, has to be deconstructed in order to study television audiences (Brown 1994, p.12). Brown (1994, p.13) assumes that the fundamental interaction in the midst of TV audiences and a text does not stop with the moment of consumption of the text. Rather, she explains that the process of meaning making exists in the tertiary text, a plant used by John Fiske which refers to the conversations that people engage in about television watching, in which besides used in the ethnographic research (Brown 1994, p.13).Brown asserts that soap opera gives women reactive pleasures, that is pleasures of being represented by the narrative that soap opera brought to the surface (Brown 1994, p.18). This pleasure has to do with the idea that soap opera has been facilitating women to talk with each other and expressing their ideas and f eelings without being criticised (p.18). Soap opera depicts problems that women in very life are dealing with, it creates conversation between them around the text, which called the intercommunicate text. This conversation is emerged as result of feeling unrepresented in the dominant discourse, in which women are considered as part of subordinate groups, where their positions are constructed within patriarchy carcass (p.23).Christine Scodari in her book, Serial Monogamy soap opera, lifespan, and the gendered politics of fantasy discusses Stuart Halls (1980) decoding/ encoding model, in which divides the reader into preferred/ dominant, negotiated and oppositional. According to Lewis, this classic model is believed to go out a gap of readers who acknowledge the storys intent but disagrees with it (p.42). In order to fill in this gaps, Lewis creates a fourth designation, the resistive reading that is the process of unbelieving the idea of preferred reading by exploring the messag es ambiguity they see fit (p.42). Scodari suggests to add the qualifier hegemonic or counter hegemonic into the discussion, as the emerging of interaction between soap opera fans creates collective positions of reading. She further explores this conception by discussing interaction between fans of Another World, a mid 1990s US soap opera. Scodari claims that the shows bandage was becoming more similar with Days of Our Lives, that tend to focus on catfight between the female characters, she calls this as DOOLification of soap opera (p.43). The plot tends to encourage clash between audiences that materialises in closed-door place such as home, or humansly in the online media. The fans reaction toward it was polarised between the preferred, hegemonic reading and the oppositional, counter hegemonic. The fans begin to name calling each other and attacking personal, in which Scodari refers this as tabloid talk (p.43).Jennifer Hayward, in her journal, Day after Tomorrow Audience Intera ction and Soap Opera Production discusses about soap opera audience have power over the show. This notion contradicts with the common perception that soap fans have been considered as supine victims, brainwashed by the shows narrative (p.97). Hayward analyse conversation between Oprah Winfrey and one of the addict soaps fans. Hayward finds that speculating what will happen to characters within the next episodes, which called the narrative plot of land contributes to what we understood as soap pleasure (p.98). According to the conversation, Hayward assumes crucial function of soap opera as to provide communities an open lines of communication between viewers, a neutral field discussion for housewives isolated in their respective homes and nuclear families (p.99). She also adds other function of soap opera, which is to provide a forum for public to explore disruptive social issues as well as political matters. In relation to power of the audience, she contests the notion that soap o pera audiences are passive victims. From her analysis of the fans letters and conversation with them, Hayward suggests that the audiences are showing active involvement with the process of fiction making (p.99). They send letters to the shows producer, convey their criticism and even giving suggestion on how the narrative should be. Hayward uses a case study of One Life to Live to show fans power. One of the characters of OLTL, left the show collect to a contract dispute, the fans response by sending 45.000 letters and then it became the headlines across soap magazines. Hayward calls this activity as active fandom (p.101).Whetmore and Kielwasser on their journal, The Soap Opera Audience Speaks A Preliminary Report discusses how the soap viewers perceive the viewing process (p.110). The complexity and multiple sub plots seem to be peculiar(prenominal) of soap opera, therefore it takes a while for newly viewers to be able to understand the whole narratives. The authors suggests that newly viewers of certain soap opera has to get over the hump, that is the process of understanding the historical ties that bind the characters together (p.110). This process is enabled through discussion with other more experienced viewers. Soap opera tends to withheld the solutions of problems encountered by the characters, ends each episode with questions in viewers minds. This is claimed to be one of the appeal of soap opera (Jen Hayward). This creates viewing dependency. According to Whetmore and Kielwasser, by this viewing consistency, viewers are developing different emotional payoffs. They classify these payoffs into three categories prompt, short term and long term (p.111). Newly viewers usually developing flying payoffs, because it do not require understanding of previous plot lines and are usually characterised by the completion of a single event (p.111). The example of immediate payoffs is romantic scene. Short term payoffs require viewing practice from the beginning of a single sub plot to its completion. It usually found in the mini climax of a single sub plot (p.111). Long term payoffs are mostly awaited by devoted and long time viewers. Often, it requires age of constant viewing.Barbara Stern and Cristel Russell in their journal, Vulnerable Women on Screen and at Home Soap Opera Consumption contests positive functions of soap opera that have been described by Hayward. Stern and Russel assume that soap opera appeal for women because it provides emotional release, personal gratification, companionship and reality escapism (p.222). They claim that soap opera industry continue displaying vulnerable upper class women to put viewers in an inferior position that are constantly exposed to imaginary ship canal of living and improper role models. Persistent viewing practice is assumed to risk viewers an emotional harm (Jewel and Abate 2001). They claims that the soap industry repetitively convey gender stereotyping that put women in subordination (p .223). The negative effects of soap opera are claimed to give viewers parasocial attachment and vulnerability looping in social learning and behavioural fashion model (p.223). Parasocial attachment is defined as viewer relationship with fictional characters in which perceived to be real people, thus able to influence viewers norms, desires and behaviours (Churchill and Moschis 1975). In long term period, this can lead to cultivation effects, that is images on television shapes viewers perception of social reality (Larson 1996, p.98). This is enabled by viewers attachment to characters they observe on a daily basis. The stronger this parasocially interaction, the more it is likely to become a source of behavioural modelling (Stern Russell 2005, p.223). In contrast with Haywards idea, Stern and Russell claim that social function of soap opera have been over expected, because it has negative implications to less educated and less flush(p) soap audiences. To clarify their idea, the authors discuss recent study of 900 long term soap viewers who mostly perceive that alcohol drinking looks attractive and is associated with conquest (Diener 1993). Behavioural modelling also become concerns especially for adolescent girl soap viewers. The author mention a study of teenage girl soap viewers responses to images of single mothers, found that the girls tend to trivialise the parental role of single mom as hip and enjoyable without having to work hard.Dorothy Hobson in her book, Soap Opera claims that those critics who perceive that soap opera viewers as vulnerable and likely to be fooled by the programmes have not done sufficient studies of the audience. Hobson supports what Brunsdon far-famed as active audiences. Those viewers consciously choose which aspects of the programmes that they interesting in and then interpret the text according to their own experiences (Hobson 2003, p.166). Soap operas are appealing to women audiences because the programmes portray proble ms as well as solutions that they can identify with. Viewers at home especially housewives are incorporating soap opera viewing as her daily routines and manage her domestic duties such as cooking and preparing for dinner in a way that enable them to watch prime time soap opera. In an question she conducted to women viewers, Hobson finds that soap opera are interesting to them because of the unpredictable events that happen within the serial, unlike other genre such as news show programmes that are most likely to show crimes (p.171). When something bad happens to soap opera characters, the dramatic effect that viewers feel is more likely as if it is happen to somebody they know. Draw from this findings, Hobson asserts that soap opera carries the message more effectively than the same discourses exposed in a news programme (p.172). Viewers also make judgement on how the characters should behave in certain circumstances, comparing with how they would react if those things happen to them in real life. Hobson asserts that watching soap opera is not a passive process, instead the pleasure of it comes from conversation with other people, sharing opinions and using it as a medium to discuss aspects of their own lives (p.175). According to interview conducted to working women in Britain, Hobson found that women are discussing soap opera within their workplace. This conversation of the narratives enables them to discuss personal matters without making anybody feels being intruded and humiliated. Hobson calls this as bringing the private sphere into the public domain (p.179). Conversation about soap opera performs as a medium to discuss personal problems among these working women. Hobson calls this as creating a cultural space in the workplace (p.182).Conclusion

Free Pride and Prejudice Essays: Characters Guilty of Pride and Prejudice :: Pride Prejudice Essays

Characters Guilty of Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen marvelously portrays the life of a middle-class country family in England during the untimely nineteenth century. The family, the Bennets, is presently engaged in finding suitable (rich) husbands for their five daughters. The main character, Elizabeth Bennet, is an intelligent, witty, and opinionated young woman. She has already rebuffed one would-be suitor because she felt up he was unfit, and in this shooting, she turns down another, Fitzwilliam Darcy, because she feels that he is arrogant and cruel. This scene portrays a lively exchange between the two, with Elizabeth accusing him of prejudice and Darcy charging her with being full of pride. The scene opens with Darcy entering the room where Elizabeth was reading. After inquiring about her health, he pauses for a few moments and then suddenly declares, You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you (Austen, 142) He then proceeds to tel l her all the things that are wrong with her family and her own inferiority (142). Despite all this, he allay loves her. Darcy seems sure she will accept, but Elizabeths dislike of his pride and arrogance make it impossible for her to accede. They then proceed to enter into a heated argument and for each one volley cutting insults upon the other. Austens wording during this exchange adds to the liveliness of this quarrel. Elizabeth first disparages his proposal by saying, Why with so evident a design of offending and spite me, you chose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character (143) Darcys proposal was a far cry from romantic and it convinced Elizabeth that Darcy wants a wife inferior to him, something she would never patronage for. She goes on to accuse him of being prejudiced against another by laying charge after charge upon him and concluding with, You have done all this and to that extent you can treat the mention of his misfortunes with contempt and ridicule (144). He retorts, These offenses might have been overlooked, had not your pride been hurt by my honest confessions of the scruples that had hanker prevented my forming any serious design (144). She counters by saying, You are mistaken, Mr. Darcy, if you suppose that the mode of your declaration affected me (145). She goes on to say, You could not have made me the offer of your batch in any possible way that would have tempted me to accept it (145).

Educational Productivity :: Teaching Education

Educational Productivity Educational productivity is the improvement of students outcomes with little or no additional financial resources, or a consistent level of student performance at a lower level of spending. Educational productivity is based on effectiveness. This is the linkage betwixt student outcomes and the level and use of finacial resources in the schools. Production functions be concerned with how money is related to student learning and lifetime earnings. Other approaches are make up functions, data envelopment, and the impact of smaller class size on the student learning. Although there has been extensive research about educational productive functions, there are still many disagreement among researchers as to whether or not a statistical link can be found in the midst of student outcomes and money. However, it is concur upon that the single largest expendidture in the public school system is teacher expenditure. Early production-function research, mode led on classical economic theory, tried to correlate a fall of educational inputs to a single output. Most of these studies were inconclusive. Because of the complexity of the schooling process and factors (like child poverty) outside schools control, it has been difficult to isolate statistically significant one-to-one correlations between inputs and student learning. The most common outcomes measured in such studies are standardized test results, graduation rates, dropout rates, college attendance patterns, and labor-market outcomes. Inputs usually include per-pupil expenditures student-teacher ratios teacher education, experience, and stipend school facilities and administrative factors (Lawrence Picus 1997). The most famous production-function study was the U.S. Department of Educations Coleman Report. This massive survey of 600,000 students in 3,000 schools concluded that socioeconomic background influenced student success more than various school and teacher characteris tics (Picus 1997). Another type of research was culminated in Eric Hanusheks 1989 study, which analyzed results of 187 production studies published during the previous 20 years. Using a simple vote-counting method to compare data, Hanushek found no systematic, positive relationship between student achievement and seven inputs. Hanusheks findings have been challenged by recent studies utilize more sophisticated research techniques. When Larry Hedges (1994) and associates reanalyzed Hanusheks syntheses using meta-analysis, they discovered that a $500 (roughly 10 percent) profit in average spending per pupil would significantly increase student achievement. Likewise, Faith Cramptons comprehensive analysis (1995) of inputs affecting achievement in New York State schools found that expenditures seemed to matter when they bought smaller classes and more experienced, highly enlightened teachers.