Elderly Drivers

Stefani Ward mount up Limit Essay Professor Trewitt 8 855 Mandatory Age Limits As senior citizens grow older, they do not react as quickly as they used to. Its not realistic to allow several(prenominal)one to jampack who could endanger others. Senior citizens over the age of 75 should not be able to drive. They live with increased health problems, require much medication, and drive too slow. Senior citizens have increased health problems reservation it difficult to handle a car safely.For example, a person with diabetes could have trouble irresponsible their blood sugar level, and might be in danger of losing consciousness. A person who has a pacemaker or a defibrillator could be a flagellum to safety because there is a chance that the device could stop working. Vision is a vital part of driving. As a person ages, their eyesight becomes poor, making it difficult to see things. In addition, senior citizens should not be able to drive because they require more medication.Medi cations can have serious side effectuate making it difficult to drive. Both prescription and over-the-counter medicines can affect the ability to drive safely by making you feel tired, dizzy, or nauseated. Studies have shown that using certain medications or many medications increase the chance of being in an accident. Senior citizens tend to drive slower than the average person. Driving below the speed limit can cause distractions, and possibly an accident. Not only can it harm other people on the road, but the elderly too.In some states a person can be given a citation for driving under the speed limit. Senior citizens have health problems, require more medication, and tend to drive slow, making the roads unsafe. Studies show that older drivers are more susceptible to injury or even death. Roads will be much safer if the government requires elderly drivers to turn in their licenses at age 75. There will be less accidents, less stress, and increased safety on the road. If the law doesnt pass, the roads will be dangerous and will cause chaos for other drivers.

Animism

The term animism is define as the belief of a life-force existing within non-human forms. In other words, according the this idea, non-human forms such as thunder, rocks and trees ar possessed by spirits and dispositions. The term, first developed as animismus by chemist/physicist Georg Ernst Stahl in 1832, defined as the school of thought that animal life is produced by an immaterial understanding, was reintroduced in 1871 by English anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Taylor to be defined as the theory of the universal animation of nature.The mass majority of animistic belief systems holds that the soul within the non-human form will be able to survive physical death. It is believed in some systems that the soul must journey to pass through to an easier world. In other systems, it is said that the soul would remain on earth as a ghost. There are also situations where it would return to earth in launch to avenge its death.If murdered, the spirit would either assist in discoverin g the identity of its murderer or wreak vengeance for itself. A widespread belief of those who die a violent death is that the soul would become a dangerous spirit and endanger the lives of those who approach the haunted area of the its death. In literature, animism is most often utilize in mythology and folklore. The myths and folklore generally contain a magical or spiritual sense to the story.An example would be of the tale of the Pontianak. The Pontianak is a type of vampire in Malay folklore and Indonesian mythology. It is said that a woman who has died during childbirth becomes undead, seeking revenge and terrorizes villages. The wont of animism is applied because the Pontianak is not human and has a spirit within. some(prenominal) Urarina myths apply animism into their myths by portraying plants, inanimate objects, and animals as personal beings.An example would be of a Urarina deluge-myth, a myth of a great flood sent by a deity to destroy acculturation as a punishment. It is said that a man had saved himself from the flood by climbing a tree. The mans wife had transformed into a termites nest and was clinging onto the tree and their two sons had transformed into birds. Though the mans wife and sons are not in their human bodies anymore, their souls are still intact within their new form. Therefore, this myth applies the use of animism.

An Educated Citizenry is essential to maintain Democracy Essay

In order to fix a concrete cerebration on whether or not an enlightened hoi polloi is necessary to insist a nation, its meaning and definition should be well-understood. B y knowing the definition of educated the great unwashed and democracy, a link can be established as to its relationship and a learned summary and concrete conclusion can be achieved. Democracy entails governmental processes that enable the citizens to exercise their right and power, with their duly elected representatives, to influence the enactment of policies implemented by their respective States.This means that democracy is both a right and a privilege. It is a right in the sense that the people have a say on what the government should do through the representatives they have elected. Democracy is a privilege in general because a citizens, there is a motivating to exert effort to ensure that democracy is kept protected. On the other hand, an educated citizenry would entail having the educational backg round, intelligence and empathizeing that would allow them to analyze and understand concepts that pertain to policies and governmental affairs.Simply put, an educated citizen is a learned individual who knows when to assert his or her rights at the right time. Educated citizenry equates to broad-mindedness There is nothing more to say when you are dealing with a narrow-minded individual. This alone is reason enough to say that educated citizenry is very important. For democracy to relieve oneself there is a need to be open-minded about things and be able to listen for the opinion of others. In order for Democracy to be maintained, and efficiently carried out, the citizenry needs representatives.It follows that the representatives would have to belong to the citizenry. In this case, the citizenry should be well-equipped to decipher who should represent them. That representation embodies the will of the citizen, and should be occupied by an intelligent, knowing individual. As a re presentative of the citizens, it is but right to possess these qualities since the representative is the citizenry and vice versa. given over these reasons, it is but right to say that an educated citizenry is necessary to maintain democracy.This is attributable to the fact that with an educated citizenry, there can be established a harmonious relationship among individuals who understand and know the band rules and regulations and from there set to follow these rules, thereby creating a well organized government, essential for democracy. Educated citizenry precedes Democracy In order for democracy to be firmly inculcated in the system of government, it is necessary that the people who intend to have a democratic government understands its concept and how it works.This inevitably means that individuals who are educated, knows the rights and obligations that need to be set and the laws that would govern the land should initiate the establishment of democracy. This translates to th e fact that the framers of the law know what democracy is before they can even begin to conceptualize the idea of a democratic government. An educated citizenry becomes the foundations of a well-established democratic institution, thus its importance should not be neglected.

The events that occurred in Derry on January 30th 1972 became known as Bloody Sunday

The events that occurred in Derry on January 30th 1972 became k at a timen as Bloody Sunday. Why have these events produced such different historical interpretations?The straightforward answer is because at make historians do not know precisely what happened on Bloody Sunday. The basic f spots are clear. These are that on 30 January NICRA ( Yankee Ireland Civil Rights Association) planned to hold a civil rights meet in Londonderry to protest against intern ment (the imprisonment of suspected terrorists without a trial.) British troops clear fuel, killing thirteen muckle and wounding several more. However there are m whatever different interpretations of who started the violence and who was to blame for the events of Bloody Sunday.The Northern Ireland government had banned all such marches, the year before, still the marchers were find out to go ahead anyway. Be cheeks, fewer Catholics took much notice any longer of the Northern Ireland government. The marchers were unarmed , but when they reached barricades that had been put up by the soldiers to stop them leaving the Bog side, they began to throw stones and shout insults at the soldiers. Snatch squads were sent in to trance troublemakers, but shooting broke out. Afterwards the soldiers subscribeed that they had come under fire from flats alongside the road, but the marchers claimed that the soldiers had opened fire first. Thirteen marchers were killed and another thirteen were injured. Each side blamed the other for the disaster.The soldiers claimed that the wrath, which had used the march as a means of provoking a response, fired them on first. Catholics believed that the army had deliberately attacked the marchers. reference point C supports that view because it tells of soldiers universe heard before Bloody Sunday, talking about clearing the slow up, which is referring to Derrys slow down side. However the source also shows that the information could be unreliable as it took place in a pub and could just be hearsay.The Republicans of Northern Ireland are seen by some to be determined to humiliate the British authorities by demanding an independent investigation, which is still on going today.Until recently, the British disposal has always accepted the view of the British array, shown in the Widgery Report, that its soldiers had simply fired in self-defence afterward being fired at by IRA gunmen. Nationalists claim that the British soldiers were unprovoked and opened fire either in response to some imaginary threat or, as a deliberate act of violenceThe two sides give a different view because of who they are and what they want. The only known justice is that the British government sent troops to Northern Ireland to control the violence between Protestants and Catholics.Whether they did that or not, once in Northern Ireland, the British army quickly became a target for IRA rebel attacks. It indeed was appropriate for the British authorities to support the account s of the soldiers policing the march who claimed they acted in self-defence. They viewed themselves as carrying out their duties as a peacekeeping force, and blame the IRA terrorists, who had already carried out many attacks on the Ulster Constabulary and British Army in Northern Ireland.Nationalists, especially Sinn Fein and the IRA, regarded the British Army as an Army of occupation. In their view, the British Armys presence in Ireland was itself an act of aggression so in their eyes the Nationalist community had every right to protest against it. Their interpretation of Bloody Sunday is that the soldiers response to the marchers was the act of an aggressive invasion force hard to put down legal protest against an illegal occupation of Ireland. It reflects their view that Republicans were not simply terrorists, but occupied in a justifiable armed struggle against British aggression.In the Widgery tarradiddle the government claimed, Each soldier was his own judge of whether he had identified a gunman. A Catholic non-Christian priest at the scene claimed that he saw no one shooting at troops. He claimed that he saw the British Army shoot without selecting targets, it was a massacre. Due to his religious tendency one would accept him not to make up such a adducement, however someone writing a report concluding the true actions of Bloody Sunday would have to question the priests reliability, because like many others present at Bloody Sunday there is the possibility of a one sided or biased view. The report went onto state some soldiers showed high degrees of responsibility, some firing bordered at the reckless.Part of Source A supports the military claim that soldiers simply responded when they came under fire. One former soldier state how the so-called new evidence was being brought up, but the break bombs and harsh bombs he claimed were used against them were not mentioned. He made a binding point that thousands of people had been on the streets of D erry that day, and that if they had been firing so indiscriminately as people have said, and then why were there no women and children killed?Several prominent Nationalists were at the scene and claim to be eyewitnesses to the British armys aggression, but it is questionable as to whether their version of events can be trusted without independent evidence. Source K for example reflects the idea of the soldiers shooting everywhere around them without any provocation. The paratrooper responsible for shooting Damien Donaghy, stated he had intended to shoot dead a man he was convinced was a nail bomber. However he admitted he could have shot the wrong man or that one of the shots he had fired hit Mr. Donaghy by accident.Damien Donaghy, 15 at the time of Bloody Sundays events, denies that he was carrying any nail bombs or other weapons, but was without doubt shot in the thigh in Derrys bog side during the civil rights march on the day soldiers shot dead 13 Catholic men and boys who were said to be unarmed. Source B supports his view as it weakens claims about supposed nail and acid bombs being used, due to new forensic evidence suggesting that the Widgery reports findings could have been caused by contamination such as emissions from car exhausts.When two groups oppose each other, interpretations are bound to differ, however another cause for the variety in interpretation is that because Bloody Sunday happened 31 years ago, all the buildings are different now and the place itself cannot be used as evidence to support either sides statements. Source I is and so an example of a valid piece of evidence as it shows a reconstruction of Derrys bog side and can portray the bog side as it was, which is needed to support peoples accounts.Interpretations may differ because people hear, see and experience things differently and so for example a gun being fired by a soldier could have triggered other soldiers to open fire if they had cause to believe it was a noncombatant or member of the IRA.Currently, the only people who know the truth are those who carried and used weapons on that fearsome day and their commanders, both British Army officers, possibly acting on the orders of the British government, or the IRA leadership. This is why the Saville Inquiry has been set up by the British government as part of the received peace process to try to find out the truth behind Bloody Sunday.

Charles the Great

Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, became the undis inducted ruler of western Europe, By the sword and the cross. (Comptons 346) As western Europe was deteriorating Charlemagne was crowned the privilege of organism control stick king of the Franks in 768 A.D. People of westerly Europe, excluding the church followers, had all nevertheless forgotten the colossal gifts of didactics and frauds that they had possessed at star and only(a) time. Charlemagne solidly switched barbarians and kings in identical fashion during his reign. using the re-establishment of education and order, Charlemagne was able to save more(prenominal) political rights and restore culture in Western Europe.Charlemagne was innate(p) in 742 A.D., to a truly famous and hearty-known family. Charlemagnes grandfather was Charles Martel, the man who was accountable for the defeat of the Saracens. Charlemagne was also the eldest son of Bertrade (also known as Bertha Greatfoot) and Pepin the Shor t, the first to become king of the Franks. With the almost fully extinction of schools in the 8th century, m whatsoever an(prenominal) historians say that Charlemagne received very little education, nevertheless did assure the art of reading from Bertrade.The one thing that kept Charlemagne motivated throughout his entire life was his fat devotion to the church. Charlemagne was a tall young man with light blond hair, and was described by his depositary as, face laughing and merry. . . his appearance was forever and a day stately and dignified. (World book 452) Charlemagne had great wit, but was stern at times. He had simple and moderate tastes he enjoyed hunting, riding and swimming. Charlemagne had a large wardrobe with many Frankish dresses, linen shirts and breeches, silk-fringed tunics, hoses wrapped with bands, and for the winter he had coats made of otter or marten skins. Charlemagne asked his people to improve their lifestyles, but he divorced two of his four fives wit hout any given cause.In 768 A.D., Charlemagne at the age of 26, along with his br separate Carloman inherited the kingdom of Franks. However, in 771 A.D. Carloman died, making Charlemagne the sole ruler of the kingdom. At this time the Federal part of Europe was out of order and unruly. In the south, the Roman Catholic Church was asserting itself on board the Lombard kingdom in Italy. While in Charlemagnes own kingdom, the people were becoming and acting as barbarians and neglecting education and faith.But Charlemagne was determined to make his kingdom as strong as possible. In 772 A.D., Charlemagne put forth a 30-year campaign to conquer and Christianize the extremely mighty Saxons in the north. He supercharged over the Avars, a large tribe on the Danube. He forced the Bavarians to surrender to him. When possible Charlemagne essay to settle his bookings peacefully. However, he was forced to use brute in some situations. For instance, Charlemagne offered to pay Desiderius for th e return of lands to the pope, but later on Desiderius refused, Charlemagne seized the kingdom of Desiderius and restored the Papal States.The most important aspect of Charlemagnes conquests was his uncanny ability to organize. Charlemagne displace out more than 50 military missions during his time in power and he led the missions as commander more than half of the time. He was able to lead his military man through vast lands in unprecedented times, but his every move was planned ahead of time. Before every crusade, he sure all those involved the number of men needed, the weapons required, and he even went as farther as to differentiate what should be in the supply wagons. These tactics were later studied and used by a nonher great man, Napoleon.One of the smallest campaigns undertaken by Charlemagne became on of the most well known. In 778 A.D., Charlemagne led his troops into Spain and laid an blast on Saragossa. The movement failed and upon their recoil they were attacked from the rear and Count Roland one of the leaders of the group was killed in that battle. Roland went on to become a hero in medieval songs.By 800 A.D. Charlemagne was the sole ruler of Western Europe. His big kingdom included what are now France, Switzerland, Belgium, and the Netherlands. It also covered half of present-day Italy and Germany, part of Austria, and the Spanish March. This Spanish March stretched to the Ebro River. Through his establishment of a single government over the entire Western Europe, Charlemagne re-established much of the old Roman Empire, which paved the way for the progress of present-day Europe.It was on Christmas Day in 800 A.D. that while praying in St. Peters in Rome, Pope Leo III approached Charlemagne with a prosperous crown and placed it on the head of the king. The crowd in the church shouted concurrently, To Charles the August, crowned by God, great and pacific emperor, long life and victory (Comptons 347) It is said that Charlemagne was surpri sed by what happened and verbalize that he would not occupy come into the church had he known the popes plan. However, other historians say that the pope would not have gambled doing what he did without Charlemagnes knowing about it. (Comptons 347)Charlemagne was a very noble man and he had great compassion for the peasant people and had a touch sensation that that government was in place to benefit those that it governed. When Charlemagne came into power many of the people working under him were very careless and sometimes unfair. To change the ways of these people Charlemagne expanded their work, wrote down everything they did and forced them to work in groups of people. This helped those lacking in their work effort to restore some law and order.Two times a year Charlemagne would summon the leading man in the kingdom to talk about the happenings going around. Charlemagne always had the final word in everything including church matters. Charlemagne was determined in establishin g improvement in lives of his people. By scenery up money values he encouraged trade, he attempted to build a Rhine-Danube canal, and gave advice on different farming techniques. Charlemagne preached the most on education and Christianity to his people. He was responsible for the restoration of Palace cultivate at Aachen, his capital. He also set up other schools for noble boys as well as peasants.Charlemagne was very devoted to education and he never stopped studying himself. He brought in scholars of many languages to his courts. He learned to read in Latin, some Greek, however, he was not too keen of know writing. During his dinners, he preferred to have men reading books to him rather than having jesters performing.For his churches, Charlemagne sent his monks to Rome to learn to sing. For his art collections, Charlemagne brought some valuable pieces from Italy. In the cathedral at Aachen there is a large monument, which stands in obedience to Charlemagne for his religious de votion. Charlemagne built and was buried in the cathedral in Aachen.At the time of Charlemagnes cobblers last in 814 A.D. only one of his three sons, Louis, was alive. Louis had a weak ruling after his father, which brought on many civil wars and rebellions. Charlemagne brought back order to Western Europe he led his people to many victories and was responsible for the rise of Western Europe.Charles the GreatCharles the Great, or Charlemagne as he is more commonly known, was born a Frank, a member of the Carolingian bloodline. He was born in 742, the illegitimate son of Pepin III and an Austrasian noblewoman. He served as the king of the Franks from 771-814, and during that time, during a campaign that lasted nearly 30 years, ext cease his rule through Western Europe. In the year 800, on Christmas Day, he was crowned Emperor of the West by Pope Leo, and he served as such until his death fourteen years later. Upon his fathers death in 768, Charlemagne and his pal Carloman inherite d joint ruler hip of Francia.However, his brother died three years later, and Charlemagne exiled his family and claimed sole rulership. While he was one of a line of what became known as warrior chiefs, he strived to stretch past that with his broader mind that lust contact with men of religion, learning and culture, not just as officials who could help him run his empire, but for themselves. It was his opinion in God that helped to make him such a formidable leader, and kept him focused on his objectives with the closing and faith that would help him to become a legend.The year after Carlomans death found Charlemagne active in the Saxon Wars. The relationship between the Franks and the Saxons had long been tense, with the Saxons periodically attempting to expand to accommodate an ever developing population in finding more hospitable lands to inhabit. Border clashes were common, with peace in between being tenuous and short-lived. What also added to the tension was the occurr ence that the Saxons believed in pagan gods, which inevitably added more tension with the Christian Franks. Biography paginate 2 of 5 Charlemagnes first action against the Saxons was to take on twain military andreligious connotations. He marched his army into Saxony and captured the castle of Eresberg and then traveled further to destroy a Saxon idol known as the Irminsul, which was a giant tree trunk that was considered a shrine, believed to be one of the pillars of heaven. It was considered to ensure the protection of the gods, and it was considered a demonstration of defiance to the Franks. Thus, by striking in such a way, Charlemagne made a strong statement about his determination to strike both at the Saxon people and at their religion, which is something that he considered to be his duty as a Christian.Following this blow to the Saxons, Charlemagne was called in by Pope Hadrian I to help defuse a situation with Lombardy. in that location had long been conflict between them , and so Charlemagne decided to put an end to it once and for all, marching his army in fall of 773, making haste to cross the Alps before it started to snow. He divided his army in two, displace each in different directions. Desiderius, the Lombardy leader, could not split his smaller forces to meet both sections of the Frankish forces, and so he was forced to withdraw back to his capital.Charles and his army followed and laid siege, and, much to Desiderius surprise, he settled his troops in for the winter instead of falling back. This time demonstrated the true leadership abilities of Charlemagne. His men were far from home, and forced to fight in inhospitable conditions. But they remained loyal and followed their king, remaining there through constitute of 774. However, those in Parvia suffered more than those involved in the siege, hunger and disease rampaging them. Desiderius stubbornly held strong against them until midsummer of that year, whenBiography Page 3 of 5 he final ly had to sue for peace. Charlemagne, instead of demanding tribute from Desiderius, instead took the Iron transcend of Lombardy, and sent the Lombardy ruler and his family back to Francia as prisoners. With that, Charlemagne increased the size of his empire, becoming King of Lombardy as well as King of Francia. A large part of Charlemagnes rule was that of protector of the Church. He did this not only out of subjection to the Church and the pope, but also because he needed the corroborate of the Christians.The support of the Church took him farther than he might otherwise have gone, helping to instill a loyalty of him into the people, particularly the nobles. However, he made it rather clear that he would not allow the pope any political power, nor would he allow him to dictate his will upon Charlemagne. The king had his own plans, and he was not to be foiled by anyone who might want to interfere, including the pope himself. Charlemagne would once again become involved in a campa ign against the Saxons, and he decided that he must find a long-term solution to the problem.He had to confront the problem of a war on several fronts and the concomitant drain it imposed on the nations resources. However, he set goals for himself, and he committed himself to achieving those goals, which kept him in conflict with the Saxons until 785. It was loosen up going, as he would advance into Saxon territory and take land and hostages, but the agreements that came from this were broken by the Saxons as winter came along, and they would regain some of the ground that they lost. However, they were not to regain it all, and so slowly Charlemagne gained more and more of their territory, advancing hisBiography Page 4 of 5 own borders. He garrisoned territory that was taken, and he go away clergy with these garrisons to help advance the Christian religion as well. It became clear during these wars that the only acceptable outcome to stanch the flow of hostility and war from th e Saxons was complete and total victory. In 782, Charlemagne added new laws and restrictions to what were already imposed upon the Saxon people, focusing again on conversion and attempting to force the new converts however he could to not reneging on their conversions and instead seeking penance for their misdeeds.The laws against crimes against Christians incurred penalties of death, and the people were expected to supply both land and slave wear out to the churches. At first, the results were not as Charlemagne wished. As he was elsewhere, a revolt broke out after Saxon forces killed twenty of Francias leading noblemen. When Charlemagne heard this, he marched east with his troops with such abandon that the Saxons exiled Widukind, who was the leader of the revolt, and handed 4,500 men over to Charlemagne.Each of these was beheaded in a demonstration of Charlemagnes anger. The cognition that, so long as Widukind was a heroic figure for the Saxon people, he could not have complete victory, led Charlemagne to offer peace to him as well as gifts and a promise of pardon. There was also the possibility of an official position in Francia as well, and so Widukind accepted baptism and peace with his long-time enemy, and this ended the first phase of the Saxon wars. The next years saw the conquering of Bavaria and a renewal of the Saxon wars.The peace with the Saxons lasted ten years, and then the Saxons once again started to show defiance to Charlemagnes rule. His empire go along to grow, however, and was Biography Page 6 of 5 bounded almost entirely by sea and neutralize marches. Despite this success, he was never able to completely bring all of his empire under one system of legislation, which was a large failure for the emperor. It was in 800 that Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as emperor.After gaining this role, he worked to originate himself, learning to read Latin and Greek, although writing eluded him. He attempted to better educate himself, and also wo rked to better the lives of his subjects, including working on an improvement in commerce. Russell describes him as the pioneer of the Middle Ages and the ground is indebted to him for invaluable improvements in the manner and ways of exchange. He made a point of reforming the financial system and also worked to introduce universal coinage.While Charlemagne will always be known as an proud military leader, his influence goes far beyond that. His dedication to his religion was a key part of his life, as was his insistence on bettering the education of both himself and the clergy. He promoted the spread of a competence in write Latin among the clergy, believing that social reform would not work if the clergy were illiterate. All of these things together contributed to Charlemagne becoming one of the most renowned and respected leaders in history.Leaders from generations after, all over the world, would work to learn from his mannequin and attempt to mirror his many successes in their own times, using his failures as well to help go along them. Very few leaders had the prowess in so many ways that Charlemagne did, and it was perhaps the fact that he was so well-rounded in his achievements that make his legacy so great. Works Cited Heer, Friedrich. Charlemagne and His World. New York Macmillan print Col, Inc. , 1975. Russell, Charles Edward. Charlemagne First of the Moderns. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1930. Wilson, Derek. Charlemagne. New York Doubleday, 2006.

Individuals with Behavioural Difficulties Essay

When working in the care industry whether that is with the elderly, psychical health or children it amazes apparent that you as an singular become empowered by virtue of macrocosm primary care for that specific individual hence being an influential figure in all individuals life recovery and reclamation. ascribable to this factor we dupe had many horrific incidents which save involved individuals in a position of power and whom have abused this trust and disregarded legislation, insurance and procedure to continually systematically abuse go users in a undefended position. It is no unfathomable that this has happened and still reach outs today at heart places of care. This is the purpose of the new legislative law updated and reviewed to combat and eliminate much(prenominal) barbaric behaviours displayed by so called deportive module members in supposedly places of secure safe environments. enumerate to a greater extent(prenominal)emotion focused coping definition e ssayThe purpose of legislative law is to drip new and reform existing legislation through to the relevant policies and procedures inwardly specific places of work. So to say the purpose of legislation in terms of managing difficult behaviours is that it functions to safe guard the vulnerability of proceeds users in places of care which predominantly gets feed down through governing bodies to the policies and procedures file within the office within your place of work. It nates be looked upon as a code of trustworthy practice with regards how to deal with vulnerable growns whom display challenging behaviours within places of care.When working within such(prenominal) an environment it is almost expected to pay off challenging behaviour collectible to the diametrical backgrounds and diagnosis the service users have so it would non be acceptable to react within such a mien as you would when away from the unit due to the very essence of the knobele we deal with. This is not to say we are not in a vulnerable position to so we are legally permitted to utilise restraint techniques which is in the form of an in depth restraint course which coversfloor, escorting and seated restraints for the condom of the service user, other service users and as well the safety of your fellow support staff within the workplace. This form of restraint is always the last line of abnegation it is paramount to utilise the different approaches available to return the service user to his baseline without putting detainment on a client.1 (1.2)The reason for such care institutions is specifically to rehabilitate and educate service users in the acquisition of knowledge regarding them to facilitate them to utilise coping strategies in the effort of recovery and rehabilitation rather than punitive based techniques. There are a massive variety of different approaches and manners when attacking to diversify an individuals behaviour. We go away target only a specific few that a re more prevalent within todays industry. The methods and approaches will take motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural therapy, solution-focused therapy and adult erudition methods these will be the approaches and methods that I will expand upon throughout the chapter. CBT is a form of public lecture therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behaviour therapy. It focuses on how you think about the things going on in your life, your thoughts, images, beliefs and attitudes (your cognitive processes), and how this impacts on the way you behave and deal with emotional problems.It then looks at how you stinkpot counter throw any disallow patterns of thinking or behaviour that may be causing you difficulties. In turn, this crowd out change the way you feel. CBT melt downs to be short, taking six weeks to six months. You will usually attend a session one time a week, each session lasting either 50 minutes or an hour. Together with the therapist you will explore what you r problems are and develop a plan for tackling them. You will learn a dress circle of principles that you can apply whenever you need to. You may find them useful long after you have left over(p) therapy. CBT may focus on what is going on in the present rather than the past. However, the therapy may also look at your past and how your past experiences impact on how you fork over the world now. The concept of motivational interviewing evolved from experience in the treatment of problem drinkers, and was first described by Miller (1983) in an word published in Behavioral Psychotherapy.These fundamental concepts andapproaches were later elaborated by Miller and Rollnick (1991) in a more detailed description of clinical procedures. Motivational interviewing is a semi-directive, client-centered counseling style for eliciting sort change by help clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. Compared with non-directive counseling, its more focused and goal-directed. Motivational Interv iewing is a method that works on facilitating and engaging intrinsic motivation within the client in order to change behavior. The examination and resolution of ambivalence is a central purpose, and the counselor is intentionally directive in pursue this goal. Motivational interviewing recognizes and accepts the fact that clients who need to make changes in their lives approach counseling at different levels of keenness to change their behavior. During counseling, some patient may have thought about it only not interpreted steps to change it while some especially those voluntarily seeking counseling, may be actively trying to change their behavior and may have been doing so unsuccessfully for years.In order for a therapist to be successful at motivational interviewing, four basic skills should first be established. These skills include the ability to ask open ended questions, the ability to provide affirmations, the capacity for reflective listening, and the ability to sporadica lly provide summary statements to the client. Motivational interviewing is non-judgmental, non-confrontational and non-adversarial. The approach attempts to increase the clients awareness of the potential problems caused, consequences experienced, and risks confront as a result of the behavior in question. Alternately, therapists help clients envision a better future, and become increasingly motivated to achieve it. Either way, the strategy seeks to help clients think differently about their behavior and ultimately to consider what might be gained through change.Motivational interviewing focuses on the present, and entails working with a client to access motivation to change a particular behavior, that is not consistent with a clients personal value or goal. Warmth, genuine empathy, and unconditional positive regard are necessary to encourage therapeutic gain (Rogers, 1961) within motivational interviewing. Another central concept is that ambivalence about decisions is resolve by conscious or unconscious weighing of pros and cons of change vs. not changing (Ajzen, 1980). It is critical to attain patients/clients where they are (Prochaska, 1983), and to not force a client towards change when they have not expressed a desire todo so. Motivational interviewing is considered to be both client-centered and semi-directive. It departs from traditional Rogerian client-centered therapy through this use of direction, in which therapists attempt to influence clients to consider making changes, rather than non-directively explore themselves.Solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), often referred to as simply solution focused therapy or brief therapy, is a type of talking therapy that is based upon tender constructionist philosophy. It focuses on what clients want to achieve through therapy rather than on the problems that made them seek help. The approach does not focus on the past, but instead, focuses on the present and future. The therapist or counselor uses respectf ul distinctive feature to invite the client to envision their preferred future and then therapist and client start go to to any moves towards it whether these are small increments or large changes. To support this, questions are asked about the clients story, strengths and resources, and about exceptions to the problem. Solution focused therapists believe that change is eternal. By helping people identify the things that they paying attention to have changed in their life and also to attend to those things that are currently happening that they wish to continue to have happen, SFBT therapists help their clients to construct a concrete vision of a preferred future for themselves.The SFBT therapist then helps the client to identify times in their current life that are stopping pointr to this future, and examines what is different on these occasions. By bringing these small successes to their awareness, and helping them to repeat these successful things they do when the problem is not there or less severe, the therapists helps the client move towards the preferred future they have identified. Adult learning theory is part of being an effective educator involves go throughing how adults learn best. Andragogy (adult learning) is a theory that holds a set of assumptions about how adults learn. Andragogy emphasises the value of the process of learning.It uses approaches to learning that are problem-based and collaborative rather than didactic, and also emphasises more equality between the teacher and learner. Andragogy as a study of adult learning originated in atomic number 63 in 1950s and was then pioneered as a theory and model of adult learning from the 1970s by Malcolm Knowles an American practitioner and theorist of adult education, who defined andragogy as the art and science of helping adults learn. Knowlesidentified the six principles of adult learning outlined below.Adults are internally motivated and self-governingAdults bring life experiences and k nowledge to learning experiences Adults are goal orientAdults are relevancy orientedAdults are practicalAdult learners like to be respected2 (2.1)When we discuss behaviours it is imperative to understand why these behaviours are being displayed and it is often something which appears very minor to care staff but it can be interpreted as a big dilemma to the individual in question. When understanding the reasons for behaviours there can be many reasons for them but here is a few more common examples, culture, gender, beliefs, personality, illness, music side effects, family, personal occasions etc. These are all contributing factors as to why individuals will display certain behaviours. Within the unit it has been noticed that a specific factor i.e. family contact can have a huge effect on a certain individual in our care.Due to the fact that this individual has very minimal contact with his family (personal choice) when this individual does eventually get to speak with his close f amily it can conjure up many different feelings within and can cause indirect behaviours within the unit. Feelings such as abandonment, not loved, singled out, why? These contributing factors will mix together and inevitably have to be released e.g. become withdrawn, aggressive, depressed (low). Now the staff team have highlighted this concern and a aphoristic care plan has been put into place and agreed by the individual it can be monitored and dealt with more effectively in the requisition for this individual to eventually become more comfortable when discussing and contact the family. 2 (2.2)When we discuss the influence of the environment and behaviour of other individuals we are basically referring to the place in which these individuals shack e.g. the psychiatric hospital or the community home etc. These environments can play an enormously burning(prenominal) role in the behaviours of individuals whom are observing they can be easily influenced by othersactions and will ten d to mimic or act up to the situation or incident. It depends on the individuals in question but what can happen in a unit which is occupied by more than one service user is that individuals will observe (audience effect) and will either react in three different ways. The individual will either adopt and mimic the behaviour being displayed thus causing a major incident or the individual will remove themselves or will confront that individual or group of individuals having an incident thus again causing problems for the unit. 3 (3.1)When working in an area such as mental health it is imperative from the beginning to ensure you adopt a passe-partout kind and maintain this as long as you remain in the care system. It has been said to me that a good rule to follow is that of firm, fair but fun but not forgetting that there are constant boundaries that should be followed throughout your working career and not to be crossed. The working relationship is so chief(prenominal) within ment al health due to the fact specific clients will have blurred boundaries or have no boundaries at all so it is imperative as support staff the clearly and quickly introduce clear concise boundaries for service users.The working relationship has to remain purely professional for a number of reasons but mainly for the safety of the service users and that they do not miss interpret signals given by support staff and un intentionally cross the boundaries. If the professional working relationship is followed it can create a healthy relationship between support staff and service user and the dodging of blurred boundaries. This is not to say that service users will not try and test the boundaries of specific staff members as this is commonplace within the area of mental health but as professional support worker it needs to meet with a firm approach and dealt with in a professional manner.

Our town paper review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our town paper review - Essay ExampleThe play has been divided in to three acts and each has been separated with different titles entertaining the audience with three different experiences. The first teleph hotshot number entitled, Daily Life introduces the audience to Grovers Corners, a small town in New Hampshire in the year 1901. Here the playwright brings the audiences attention to the Gidds and Webb family. The second act throws light to the marriage day of George and Emily. Then the playwright, in a flash back mood presents the past life of Emily and Geroge, specifically on their deep attachment each other. The final act renders the futility of human life through the removal of scenes to the grave of Emily and her desire to live some more hours on earth after death. The style of the origination of the play makes one suppose that it can certainly be regarded as a touching play. Analyzing the play, one can see various elements like acting, directing, scenery, costumes, light ing and text, exert notable role in enhancing the surgical operation level of the play.Regarding the performance of the play, it is worth noticing that the performers were up to the mark that is, they exactly performed the roles the director assigned them. The presentation of the feature of the stagecoach Manager can be cited as the best example where the Manger guides the story, intervening in the plot, and in different scenes and actions to enhance the aesthetic appreciation of the play. To a certain extent, one can infer that the Stage Manager in the play guides the plot and actions. Furthermore, the presentation of the milkman and the newspaper boy help to enshroud the daily life of the American people. The more emotional scenes in Our Town - notably the Act II wedding - suffer from the lack of a warm Stage Manager. The part as well as the absence of the Stage Manager is noteworthy when Frank Rich rightly evaluates The more emotional scenes in Our Town - notably the Act II w edding - suffer from the lack of a warm Stage Manager